Fall armyworm Open Access Knowledge

Users Edited Disease:
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    • <p>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</p>
    • -<p>There is also the <a href="http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/">FAO FAW portal </a>that was launched in December 2018. This includes the daily updated map of FAW occurrence&nbsp;from the&nbsp; FAMEWS app. In addition, there is the community editing function on PlantVillage such as the <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_remote-sensing">Remote Sensing Page</a><a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_pesticides">, Pesticide Page&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm-ipm">IPM Page&nbsp;</a>and the general page on <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm">FAW</a>&nbsp;All of which can be edited by you.&nbsp;</p>
    • +<p>There is also the <a href="http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/">FAO FAW portal </a>that was launched in December 2018. This includes the daily updated map of FAW occurrence&nbsp;from the&nbsp; FAMEWS app. In addition, there is the community editing function on PlantVillage such as the <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_remote-sensing">Remote Sensing Page</a><a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_pesticides">, Pesticide Page&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm-ipm">IPM Page&nbsp;</a>and the general page on <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm">FAW</a>&nbsp;all of which can be edited by you.&nbsp;</p>
    • <p>&nbsp;</p>

    Edited by Kathryn Reynolds at 17 June 2019, 11:06

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    • -<p>The FAW is difficult for farmers to distinguish from other caterpillar pests, such as African armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exempta</em>), Beet armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exigua</em>), African cotton leafworm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>),&nbsp;<em>Helicoverpa</em>&nbsp;species, or stalk (stem) borers such as&nbsp;<em>Busseola</em>and&nbsp;<em>Chilo</em>&nbsp;species (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR3" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). The recent arrival of the Southern armyworm (<em>Spodoptera eridania</em>) may add to the confusion (Lopez&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR8" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>). Therefore, FAW may initially remain unrecognised aiding its population build-up. To mitigate this, dissemination of information on early warning and management practices to key stakeholders including farmers is essential. However, agricultural extension services may be limited in achieving quick and large-scale outreach.</p>
    • +<p>The FAW is difficult for farmers to distinguish from other caterpillar pests, such as African armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exempta</em>), Beet armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exigua</em>), African cotton leafworm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>),&nbsp;<em>Helicoverpa</em>&nbsp;species, or stalk (stem) borers such as&nbsp;<em>Busseola&nbsp;</em>and&nbsp;<em>Chilo</em>&nbsp;species (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR3" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). The recent arrival of the Southern armyworm (<em>Spodoptera eridania</em>) may add to the confusion (Lopez&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR8" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>). Therefore, FAW may initially remain unrecognised aiding its population build-up. To mitigate this, dissemination of information on early warning and management practices to key stakeholders including farmers is essential. However, agricultural extension services may be limited in achieving quick and large-scale outreach.</p>

    Edited by Kathryn Reynolds at 17 June 2019, 11:04

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    • <p>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</p>
    • -<p>There is also the FAO FAW portal that was launched in December 2018&nbsp;http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/ This includes the daily updated map of FAW occurrence&nbsp;from the&nbsp; FAMEWS app. In additon, there is the community editing function on PlantVillage such as the <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_remote-sensing">Remote Sensing Page</a><a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_pesticides">, Pesticide Page&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm-ipm">IPM Page&nbsp;</a>and the general page on <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm">FAW</a>&nbsp;All of which can be edited by you.&nbsp;</p>
    • +<p>There is also the <a href="http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/">FAO FAW portal </a>that was launched in December 2018. This includes the daily updated map of FAW occurrence&nbsp;from the&nbsp; FAMEWS app. In addition, there is the community editing function on PlantVillage such as the <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_remote-sensing">Remote Sensing Page</a><a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_pesticides">, Pesticide Page&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm-ipm">IPM Page&nbsp;</a>and the general page on <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm">FAW</a>&nbsp;All of which can be edited by you.&nbsp;</p>
    • <p>&nbsp;</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:26

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    • <p>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</p>
    • +
    • +<p>There is also the FAO FAW portal that was launched in December 2018&nbsp;http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/ This includes the daily updated map of FAW occurrence&nbsp;from the&nbsp; FAMEWS app. In additon, there is the community editing function on PlantVillage such as the <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_remote-sensing">Remote Sensing Page</a><a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm_pesticides">, Pesticide Page&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm-ipm">IPM Page&nbsp;</a>and the general page on <a href="https://plantvillage.psu.edu/diseases/fall-armyworm">FAW</a>&nbsp;All of which can be edited by you.&nbsp;</p>
    • +
    • +<p>&nbsp;</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:25

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    • -<ol>
    • - <li>
    • - <p>Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Comiani N, Day R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Gonzalez Moreno P, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence note (2). CABI, Wallingford, UK<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrahams%20P%2C%20Bateman%20M%2C%20Beale%20T%2C%20Clottey%20V%2C%20Cock%20M%2C%20Colmenarez%20Y%2C%20Comiani%20N%2C%20Day%20R%2C%20Godwin%20J%2C%20Gomez%20J%2C%20Gonzalez%20Moreno%20P%2C%20Witt%20A%20%282017%29%20Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa.%20Evidence%20note%20%282%29.%20CABI%2C%20Wallingford%2C%20UK" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • - </li>
    • - <li>
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    • - </li>
    • - <li>
    • - <p>CABI (2017) How to identify fall armyworm. Plantwise. CABI, p 4.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed May 2018</p>
    • - </li>
    • - <li>
    • - <p>CABI (2018) Fall armyworm portal.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed November 2018</p>
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    • - </li>
    • -</ol>
    • -
    • +<p>Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Comiani N, Day R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Gonzalez Moreno P, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence note (2). CABI, Wallingford, UK<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrahams%20P%2C%20Bateman%20M%2C%20Beale%20T%2C%20Clottey%20V%2C%20Cock%20M%2C%20Colmenarez%20Y%2C%20Comiani%20N%2C%20Day%20R%2C%20Godwin%20J%2C%20Gomez%20J%2C%20Gonzalez%20Moreno%20P%2C%20Witt%20A%20%282017%29%20Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa.%20Evidence%20note%20%282%29.%20CABI%2C%20Wallingford%2C%20UK" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>Boa E, Papania P, Mulema J, Franzel S (2016) Extension campaigns. Note 24. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS, Lausanne, Switzerland<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Boa%20E%2C%20Papania%20P%2C%20Mulema%20J%2C%20Franzel%20S%20%282016%29%20Extension%20campaigns.%20Note%2024.%20GFRAS%20Good%20Practice%20Notes%20for%20Extension%20and%20Advisory%20Services.%20GFRAS%2C%20Lausanne%2C%20Switzerland" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>CABI (2017) How to identify fall armyworm. Plantwise. CABI, p 4.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed May 2018</p>
    • +
    • +<p>CABI (2018) Fall armyworm portal.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed November 2018</p>
    • +
    • +<p>Cameron KH, Somachandra KP, Curry CN, Jenner WH, Hobbs SLA (2016) Delivering actionable plant health knowledge to smallholder farmers through the plantwise program. J Agric Inf 17:212&ndash;229<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Delivering%20actionable%20plant%20health%20knowledge%20to%20smallholder%20farmers%20through%20the%20plantwise%20program&amp;author=KH.%20Cameron&amp;author=KP.%20Somachandra&amp;author=CN.%20Curry&amp;author=WH.%20Jenner&amp;author=SLA.%20Hobbs&amp;journal=J%20Agric%20Inf&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=212-229&amp;publication_year=2016" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>Day R, Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Early R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks Pest Manag 28:196&ndash;201<a data-reference-type="CrossRef" href="https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_oct_02" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CrossRef</a><a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa&amp;author=R.%20Day&amp;author=P.%20Abrahams&amp;author=M.%20Bateman&amp;author=T.%20Beale&amp;author=V.%20Clottey&amp;author=M.%20Cock&amp;author=R.%20Early&amp;author=J.%20Godwin&amp;author=J.%20Gomez&amp;author=A.%20Witt&amp;journal=Outlooks%20Pest%20Manag&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=196-201&amp;publication_year=2017" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>Lopez K (2018) New pest identified in West and Central Africa! In New of IITA. IITA, Benin<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lopez%20K%20%282018%29%20New%20pest%20identified%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%21%20In%20New%20of%20IITA.%20IITA%2C%20Benin" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>Romney D, Day R, Faheem M, Finegold C, Negussie E (2013) Plantwise: putting innovation systems principles into practice. Agric Dev 18:27&ndash;31<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Plantwise%3A%20putting%20innovation%20systems%20principles%20into%20practice&amp;author=D.%20Romney&amp;author=R.%20Day&amp;author=M.%20Faheem&amp;author=C.%20Finegold&amp;author=E.%20Negussie&amp;journal=Agric%20Dev&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=27-31&amp;publication_year=2013" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • +
    • +<p>Silva DMd, Bueno AdF, Andrade K, Stecca CdS, Neves PMOJ, Oliveira MCNd (2017) Biology and nutrition of S<em>podoptera frugiperda</em>&nbsp;(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources. Sci Agric 74:18&ndash;31<a data-reference-type="CrossRef" href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2015-0160" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CrossRef</a><a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Biology%20and%20nutrition%20of%20Spodoptera%20frugiperda%20%28Lepidoptera%3A%20Noctuidae%29%20fed%20on%20different%20food%20sources&amp;author=DMd.%20Silva&amp;author=AdF.%20Bueno&amp;author=K.%20Andrade&amp;author=CdS.%20Stecca&amp;author=PMOJ.%20Neves&amp;author=MCNd.%20Oliveira&amp;journal=Sci%20Agric&amp;volume=74&amp;pages=18-31&amp;publication_year=2017" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:09

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-syp5wg 2024-05-09 18:19:26.018972733 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-62gnte 2024-05-09 18:19:26.018972733 +0000
    • @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
    • <ol>
    • <li>
    • - <p>brahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Comiani N, Day R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Gonzalez Moreno P, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence note (2). CABI, Wallingford, UK<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrahams%20P%2C%20Bateman%20M%2C%20Beale%20T%2C%20Clottey%20V%2C%20Cock%20M%2C%20Colmenarez%20Y%2C%20Comiani%20N%2C%20Day%20R%2C%20Godwin%20J%2C%20Gomez%20J%2C%20Gonzalez%20Moreno%20P%2C%20Witt%20A%20%282017%29%20Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa.%20Evidence%20note%20%282%29.%20CABI%2C%20Wallingford%2C%20UK" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + <p>Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Comiani N, Day R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Gonzalez Moreno P, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence note (2). CABI, Wallingford, UK<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrahams%20P%2C%20Bateman%20M%2C%20Beale%20T%2C%20Clottey%20V%2C%20Cock%20M%2C%20Colmenarez%20Y%2C%20Comiani%20N%2C%20Day%20R%2C%20Godwin%20J%2C%20Gomez%20J%2C%20Gonzalez%20Moreno%20P%2C%20Witt%20A%20%282017%29%20Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa.%20Evidence%20note%20%282%29.%20CABI%2C%20Wallingford%2C%20UK" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • </li>
    • <li>
    • <p>Boa E, Papania P, Mulema J, Franzel S (2016) Extension campaigns. Note 24. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS, Lausanne, Switzerland<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Boa%20E%2C%20Papania%20P%2C%20Mulema%20J%2C%20Franzel%20S%20%282016%29%20Extension%20campaigns.%20Note%2024.%20GFRAS%20Good%20Practice%20Notes%20for%20Extension%20and%20Advisory%20Services.%20GFRAS%2C%20Lausanne%2C%20Switzerland" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • </li>
    • <li>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:09

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-ivlpe5 2024-05-09 18:19:26.038972932 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-fefkgj 2024-05-09 18:19:26.038972932 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
    • +<ol>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>brahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Comiani N, Day R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Gonzalez Moreno P, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence note (2). CABI, Wallingford, UK<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrahams%20P%2C%20Bateman%20M%2C%20Beale%20T%2C%20Clottey%20V%2C%20Cock%20M%2C%20Colmenarez%20Y%2C%20Comiani%20N%2C%20Day%20R%2C%20Godwin%20J%2C%20Gomez%20J%2C%20Gonzalez%20Moreno%20P%2C%20Witt%20A%20%282017%29%20Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa.%20Evidence%20note%20%282%29.%20CABI%2C%20Wallingford%2C%20UK" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Boa E, Papania P, Mulema J, Franzel S (2016) Extension campaigns. Note 24. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS, Lausanne, Switzerland<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Boa%20E%2C%20Papania%20P%2C%20Mulema%20J%2C%20Franzel%20S%20%282016%29%20Extension%20campaigns.%20Note%2024.%20GFRAS%20Good%20Practice%20Notes%20for%20Extension%20and%20Advisory%20Services.%20GFRAS%2C%20Lausanne%2C%20Switzerland" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>CABI (2017) How to identify fall armyworm. Plantwise. CABI, p 4.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed May 2018</p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>CABI (2018) Fall armyworm portal.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm</a>. Accessed November 2018</p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Cameron KH, Somachandra KP, Curry CN, Jenner WH, Hobbs SLA (2016) Delivering actionable plant health knowledge to smallholder farmers through the plantwise program. J Agric Inf 17:212&ndash;229<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Delivering%20actionable%20plant%20health%20knowledge%20to%20smallholder%20farmers%20through%20the%20plantwise%20program&amp;author=KH.%20Cameron&amp;author=KP.%20Somachandra&amp;author=CN.%20Curry&amp;author=WH.%20Jenner&amp;author=SLA.%20Hobbs&amp;journal=J%20Agric%20Inf&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=212-229&amp;publication_year=2016" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Day R, Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Early R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Witt A (2017) Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks Pest Manag 28:196&ndash;201<a data-reference-type="CrossRef" href="https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_oct_02" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CrossRef</a><a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Fall%20armyworm%3A%20impacts%20and%20implications%20for%20Africa&amp;author=R.%20Day&amp;author=P.%20Abrahams&amp;author=M.%20Bateman&amp;author=T.%20Beale&amp;author=V.%20Clottey&amp;author=M.%20Cock&amp;author=R.%20Early&amp;author=J.%20Godwin&amp;author=J.%20Gomez&amp;author=A.%20Witt&amp;journal=Outlooks%20Pest%20Manag&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=196-201&amp;publication_year=2017" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Lopez K (2018) New pest identified in West and Central Africa! In New of IITA. IITA, Benin<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lopez%20K%20%282018%29%20New%20pest%20identified%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%21%20In%20New%20of%20IITA.%20IITA%2C%20Benin" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Romney D, Day R, Faheem M, Finegold C, Negussie E (2013) Plantwise: putting innovation systems principles into practice. Agric Dev 18:27&ndash;31<a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Plantwise%3A%20putting%20innovation%20systems%20principles%20into%20practice&amp;author=D.%20Romney&amp;author=R.%20Day&amp;author=M.%20Faheem&amp;author=C.%20Finegold&amp;author=E.%20Negussie&amp;journal=Agric%20Dev&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=27-31&amp;publication_year=2013" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • + <li>
    • + <p>Silva DMd, Bueno AdF, Andrade K, Stecca CdS, Neves PMOJ, Oliveira MCNd (2017) Biology and nutrition of S<em>podoptera frugiperda</em>&nbsp;(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources. Sci Agric 74:18&ndash;31<a data-reference-type="CrossRef" href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2015-0160" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CrossRef</a><a data-reference-type="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Biology%20and%20nutrition%20of%20Spodoptera%20frugiperda%20%28Lepidoptera%3A%20Noctuidae%29%20fed%20on%20different%20food%20sources&amp;author=DMd.%20Silva&amp;author=AdF.%20Bueno&amp;author=K.%20Andrade&amp;author=CdS.%20Stecca&amp;author=PMOJ.%20Neves&amp;author=MCNd.%20Oliveira&amp;journal=Sci%20Agric&amp;volume=74&amp;pages=18-31&amp;publication_year=2017" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p>
    • + </li>
    • +</ol>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:09

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-jo1x1d 2024-05-09 18:19:26.042972973 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-8mwk1l 2024-05-09 18:19:26.042972973 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +References

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:09

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-ucp9t3 2024-05-09 18:19:26.050973052 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-1j6avs 2024-05-09 18:19:26.050973052 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +<p>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:06

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-4f08ph 2024-05-09 18:19:26.054973092 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-l2v9cc 2024-05-09 18:19:26.054973092 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The role of information sharing

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:06

    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-p44g49 2024-05-09 18:19:26.070973252 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-7pxlr1 2024-05-09 18:19:26.070973252 +0000
    • @@ -1 +0,0 @@
    • -The role of information sharing
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-8r6ff 2024-05-09 18:19:26.074973292 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-28m2hx 2024-05-09 18:19:26.074973292 +0000
    • @@ -1 +0,0 @@
    • -<h2>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</h2>

    Deleted by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:06

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-vr413r 2024-05-09 18:19:26.082973372 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-1tf6nq 2024-05-09 18:19:26.082973372 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +<h2>All the above needs to be supported by open-access information sources, and many are available on FAW (comprehensive list in Abrahams et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR1" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Official reporting services include the IPPC official pest reports (<a href="http://www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.ippc.int/countries/all/pestreport</a>), EPPO reporting service and Pest Alerts (<a href="http://www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.eppo.int/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm</a>), as well as national sources. Help on FAW field diagnosis may come, among others, from the CABI invasives twitter feed, USDA-APHIS PestLens (<a href="https://pestlens.info/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://pestlens.info/</a>), IITA News (<a href="http://www.iita.org/iita-news" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.iita.org/iita-news</a>), PestNet Listserv (<a href="http://www.pestnet.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.pestnet.org</a>), Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups, and identification guides on the Plantwise knowledge bank (<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). Monitoring and pest management advice can be found on the Lancaster University Armyworm Network (/<a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.lancaster.ac.uk/armyworm/</a>), CIMMYT MaizeDoctor (<a href="http://maizedoctor.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">http://maizedoctor.org/</a>), the Plantwise knowledge bank, Plantwise Factsheets Library app, and again from Plantwise WhatsApp/Telegram groups. Comprehensive locally adapted and practical pest management advice is usually compiled in pest management decision guides (also called green and yellow lists) following IOBC and Plantwise standards (e.g.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank</a>). To facilitate access to all of the available information in one place, CABI developed a &ldquo;FAW information portal&rdquo; through CABI&rsquo;s open-access Invasive Species Compendium (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR4" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm</a>). It supports sharing of information resources from many key players in the fall armyworm response.</h2>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:05

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-s999v7 2024-05-09 18:19:26.086973412 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-nnbyox 2024-05-09 18:19:26.086973412 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The role of information sharing

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:05

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    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-qp9n4 2024-05-09 18:19:26.094973492 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-m3crpg 2024-05-09 18:19:26.094973492 +0000
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    • +<p id="Par9">Ideally, all agricultural extension workers should be trained in FAW detection and management by trained in-country trainers, given the scale and potential impact of the pest. In countries where a large network of governmental frontline extension workers exists (e.g. Tanzania), this approach may be effective; but in others this may not be possible. The Plantwise program has enhanced access by farmers to extension services in relation to pest and disease identification and management through facilitation of plant clinics (Cameron et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR5" role="button" title="View reference">2016</a>; Romney et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR9" role="button" title="View reference">2013</a>). Other approaches with local impact might be community mobilisation such as through farmer groups, women groups, or village-based video shows (e.g. Uganda).</p>
    • +
    • +<p id="Par10">Over time, farmers will learn through their own experiences with the new pest. Although learning through experience takes times and impact is not reached soon, in combination with access to good information on evidence-based, effective and practical pest management techniques, this may have the most lasting impact at reducing the problem of FAW and at stabilising yields.</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:05

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-qfm28e 2024-05-09 18:19:26.098973532 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-8iseat 2024-05-09 18:19:26.098973532 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The role of advisory services

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:05

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-4jpwo5 2024-05-09 18:19:26.106973612 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-y0tplm 2024-05-09 18:19:26.106973612 +0000
    • @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
    • <p><img alt="" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/plantvillage-production-new/ckeditor_assets/pictures/205/content_Screen_Shot_2018-12-19_at_12.03.00_PM.png" style="width: 300px; height: 292px;" /></p>
    • <p><strong>Table 1:&nbsp;</strong>Approaches of agricultural extension and their influence on raising awareness on invasive species and other major plant health problems (* low towards ***** high)</p>
    • +<p>Plant health rallies are one example of a mass extension approach. Rallies are series of larger community meetings (often 100&ndash;200 people) informing many farmers in a short period of time about an agricultural topic of widespread concern (Boa et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR2" role="button" title="View reference">2016</a>), here the identification and management of FAW. They are pre-advertised through local radio or village announcements. Such plant health rallies are successful in a number of countries (e.g. Uganda, Kenya), but success may depend on local cultural aspects or legislative constraints. They are usually governmental campaigns (national or local) or NGO actions; some countries involve the army or large community actions (e.g. Rwanda).</p>
    • +
    • +<p id="Par8">Media-based mass extension approaches can include farmer-focussed television or radio programming (e.g. Zambia, Kenya), dissemination of printed materials such as posters (e.g. Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique), sharing of information via mobile platforms using SMS or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technologies (e.g. Uganda, Kenya) or social media (e.g. WhatsApp/Telegram groups, e.g. Zambia, Malawi, Uganda), and specific apps (e.g. Plantwise Factsheet App).</p>
    • +
    • <p>&nbsp;</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:04

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    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-besjkb 2024-05-09 18:19:26.114973691 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-21wj9k 2024-05-09 18:19:26.114973691 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
    • +<p id="Par5">CABI, working with in-country partners, utilises mass communication, information sharing, and agricultural extension services to aid detection and management of FAW at farm level.</p>
    • +
    • +<p>Unlike face-to-face approaches such as farmer field schools, plant clinics, or extension worker field visits, mass communication enables broader and swifter outreach to farmers, often at a lower cost (Table 1)`</p>
    • +
    • +<p>&nbsp;</p>
    • +
    • +<p><img alt="" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/plantvillage-production-new/ckeditor_assets/pictures/205/content_Screen_Shot_2018-12-19_at_12.03.00_PM.png" style="width: 300px; height: 292px;" /></p>
    • +
    • +<p><strong>Table 1:&nbsp;</strong>Approaches of agricultural extension and their influence on raising awareness on invasive species and other major plant health problems (* low towards ***** high)</p>
    • +
    • +<p>&nbsp;</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:03

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-ok08fs 2024-05-09 18:19:26.118973731 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-wbp4cx 2024-05-09 18:19:26.118973731 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The role of agricultural mass extension

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:03

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-422n61 2024-05-09 18:19:26.126973811 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-fpvb3x 2024-05-09 18:19:26.126973811 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +<p>The FAW is difficult for farmers to distinguish from other caterpillar pests, such as African armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exempta</em>), Beet armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exigua</em>), African cotton leafworm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>),&nbsp;<em>Helicoverpa</em>&nbsp;species, or stalk (stem) borers such as&nbsp;<em>Busseola</em>and&nbsp;<em>Chilo</em>&nbsp;species (CABI&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR3" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). The recent arrival of the Southern armyworm (<em>Spodoptera eridania</em>) may add to the confusion (Lopez&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR8" role="button" title="View reference">2018</a>). Therefore, FAW may initially remain unrecognised aiding its population build-up. To mitigate this, dissemination of information on early warning and management practices to key stakeholders including farmers is essential. However, agricultural extension services may be limited in achieving quick and large-scale outreach.</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:02

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-q48gac 2024-05-09 18:19:26.130973850 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-6ph2ka 2024-05-09 18:19:26.130973850 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The awareness problem

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:02

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-6mmq3a 2024-05-09 18:19:26.138973931 +0000
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    • +<p id="Par2">Alien species can cause serious problems to agricultural production because specific natural enemies often lack when they arrive in new ecosystems. Farmers and their families are among the most affected.</p>
    • +
    • +<p id="Par3">Farmers as well as local agricultural extension workers rarely know about the presence of newly arrived and spreading species until disastrous damage occurs. This scenario has also been observed for the fall armyworm invasion in Africa (FAW, Lepidoptera:&nbsp;<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>). FAW caterpillars insatiably feed on maize but can survive on many other crops (Silva et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR10" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). Maize losses have been estimated at 2&frac12; to 6 million US$ in Africa in 2017 (Day et al.&nbsp;<a aria-controls="popup-references" aria-haspopup="true" aria-pressed="false" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound#CR6" role="button" title="View reference">2017</a>). FAW has potential to cause losses from 8 to 20 million tonnes of maize every year in the absence of effective control methods (for 12 biggest maize-producing countries in Africa). This represents 21 to 53% of the annual maize production.</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:01

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-k7ezwh 2024-05-09 18:19:26.142973970 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-qlunvw 2024-05-09 18:19:26.142973970 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +The pest problem

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:01

  • Change in Description
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-7uxm9r 2024-05-09 18:19:26.150974051 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-m4fnft 2024-05-09 18:19:26.150974051 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
    • +<p>The following comes from an opinion paper published by <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41348-018-0202-4?utm_source=researcher_app&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=MKEF_USG_Researcher_inbound">Stefan Toepfer et al published </a>17th December 2018&nbsp;</p>
    • +
    • +<p>This is an opinion paper to the perspective paper &ldquo;The spread of the Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa&mdash;what should be done next?&rdquo; from the &ldquo;Section Plant Protection in the Tropics and Subtropics&rdquo; at the 61st German Congress of Plant Protection, held at the University of Hohenheim, Germany, on 11 September 2018. It highlights the best approaches in communication, information sharing, and advisory services to raise awareness for fall armyworm detection and area-wide management by farmers.</p>

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:01

  • Change in Name
    • --- /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-7i4uqd 2024-05-09 18:19:26.162974170 +0000
    • +++ /tmp/diffy20240509-221898-e5w6eu 2024-05-09 18:19:26.166974210 +0000
    • @@ -0,0 +1 @@
    • +Communication, information sharing, and advisory services to raise awareness

    Edited by David Hughes at 19 December 2018, 11:01

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